Bernard, also known as St. Bernard of Menthon, lived from about 1020–1081 in what are now the countries of France, ...
He took the name Gregory in honor of the Benedictine Pope Gregory VII. Gregory XVI would, incidentally, be the last pope to have been a monk, and the last not to have been a bishop. As you might ...
Pope Gregory VII is the symbolic figure in this episode of churchly disposition to violence and its theoretical formulation which could only be realised with a considerable “hyperextension” (Carl ...
- the Italian pope who fought to establish the supremacy of the pope over the Roman Catholic Church and the supremacy of the church over the state (1020-1085) ...